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The study of walking around the city is usually tied to safety. Research suggests that people who talk on the phone while cruising the sidewalk fail to process their surroundings as fully as those walking undistracted, as we previously reported. People who walk and talk cross the street with less time to spare than those who don't; they even have less time to spare than people who walk and solve a complex math problem. Other work has found that drunk walking can be potentially as dangerous as drunk driving, at least statistically speaking辦公室傢俬.

But even silent, sober strolls are starting to catch the eyes of scientists. Last month the Economist published a great piece about the emerging science of typical pedestrian behavior — a field that combines elements of physics, engineering, statistics, and cognition to understand just how we'll take that next step:

More than any other way of getting around—such as being crushed into a train or stuck in a traffic jam—walking appears to offer freedom of choice. Reality is more complicated. Whether stepping aside to avoid a collision, following the person in front through a crowd or navigating busy streets, pedestrians are autonomous yet constrained by others. They are both highly mobile and very predictable.

Much of the piece focuses on the research of Mehdi Moussaid, a crowd scientist at the Max Planck Institut for Human Development in Berlin. A great deal of Moussaid's work looks at how pedestrians respond to sidewalk traffic. When a person is walking straight toward another, for instance, a decision occurs whether to go right or left to avoid a collision. The decision has nothing to do with driving customs; inBritain, walkers avoid to the right despite driving on the left. Still people end up choosing the proper side through the some sort of implicit social understanding, Moussaid concluded in a 2009 study Office Furniture [PDF]:

[W]e suggest that the left/right bias can be interpreted as a behavioural convention that emerges because the coordination during evading manoeuvres is enhanced when both pedestrians favour the same side (Bolay 1998; Helbing 1991). It is therefore advantageous for an individual to develop the same preference as the majority of people. Through a self-reinforcing process, most people would use the same strategy in the end. As both sides are equivalent in the beginning, the theory predicts that different preferences emerge in different regions of the world, as it is actually observed cloud compiting.

Not every society reacts to pedestrian congestion the same way. A recent comparison of Germans and Indians revealed that although people from both cultures walk "in a similar manner" when alone, their behavior varies greatly in the presence of others. As one might expect given the densities of their respective countries, Indians need less personal space than Germans do, according to the researchers. As a result, when Germans encountered traffic during a walking experiment, they decreased speed more rapidly than Indians did. "Surprisingly the more unordered behaviour of the Indians is more effective than the ordered behaviour of the Germans, " the study concludes [PDF].

Moussaid has found that it's a natural tendency to clump together on the sidewalk. In a 2010 study published in PLoS One, Moussaid and colleagues reported that 70 percent of walkers travel in groups — a custom that slows down pedestrian flow by about 17 percent. That's because when pedestrian groups encounter space problems on the sidewalk they flex into V-shaped clusters that "do not have optimal 'aerodynamic' features" just so they can continue to talk, according to the researchers drawer storage.

Other scientists are more interested in the course of an urban journey. In the January issue of Transportation Research Part F, Greek engineer Eleonora Papadimitriou presents a model of typical street-crossing behavior by city pedestrians. Papadimitriou found that people tend to cross major streets either at the beginning or the end of long trips through the city. People who walk fast tend to postpone crossings as long as possible; they're also more likely to cross in the middle of the block. Mid-block crossing rises in frequency with the length of a trip, one-way roads, and curbside parking. As the number of traffic lanes increases, however, we become more likely to cross at an official juncture.

In the end the study of basic pedestrian behavior still comes back to public safety. Understanding how we walk can increase the safety of crowd movements: it can help architects design more effective building exits and help event planners prepare for mass gatherings like the Olympics or the World Cup. While Moussaid began his work from a physicist's perspective, he has since adjusted his views to include cognitive factors of pedestrian behavior [PDF]; as a result, he now suspects that changes to the visual field, such as lighting systems, could help direct people through crowds in an emergency. Papadimitriou, meanwhile, believes that a better understanding of urban crossing behavior will ultimately help city road networks — too often "oriented towards motorists' needs" — adjust to the needs of pedestrians 雪肌蘭?v=O1hB4vzn40M&feature=share&list=UUFkOEi4u2gsCi">Home Organizers.

The power of emotional validation

Published on June 18, 2011 by Guy Winch, Ph.D. in The Squeaky Wheel

When our loved-one erupts in anger and frustration, the last thing most of us think to do is to pour fuel on the fire by telling them they should feel angry and frustrated. Yet when done correctly, providing someone emotional validation can have extremely surprising results that strengthen relationship bonds.

We've all been in situations in which a loved one is incredibly upset. It is often hard to know the best way to react in such scenarios. Our instinct is to try and calm them down but that is not easy to do and it might even be risky. As a result we are often extremely uncomfortable and at a loss for what to say. If their anger is directed toward us we might need to consider How To Apologize Effectively but regardless, we need to validate their emotions.

The idea of fanning the flames by telling the person in question they have every right to feel irate or livid seems counterintuitive. But when we convey exactly that message and do so from a place of empathy and sympathy, something magical happens. Rather than inciting the other person's fury and fueling their fire, our message of emotional validation actually douses the flame!.

Emotional validation is something we all seek and crave far more than we realize. When we are upset, angry, frustrated, disappointed or hurt, our tendency is to want to discuss our feelings with others so we can get it off our chest.

However, getting things off our chest by telling others about our feelings is not always satisfying or cathartic. If the person to whom we vent simply looks at us and shrugs or responds by giving us advice or by telling us what we did wrong, we won't feel any better and we will probably feel worse after speaking with them.

What we seek when venting to others is for that person to 'get it', to understand what happened to us and why we feel the way we do. We want them to validate our feelings by conveying that understanding to us and to do so with a dollop of sympathy or empathy (read: How to Test Your Empathy)辦公室傢俬.

When we are extremely angry or upset, we tell someone why and they totally get it truly and effectively validates our feelings. As a result, the relief and catharsis we experience is tremendous! Only then can we actually let go of at least some of the feelings we had built up. It is that which feels like an authentic visceral 'release'.

However, true cathartic experiences of this kind are actually rarer than we realize. We typically find the need to express our tales of woe, outrage or sadness to many people because we rarely get the response we crave-true emotional validation. When someone does finally offer us real emotional validation, we tend to feel extremely grateful to them for doing so.

We might think our nearest and dearest, those who know us best would be the best sources of emotional validation but unfortunately, this is not usually the case. Those who care about us the most are most likely to be personally distressed by our own distress. As a result they are might (with the best of good intentions) try to minimize our emotional experience ("Don't dwell on it, " "Just let it go" or "Don't let them get to you") or to offer solutions ("here's what you should do" "Don't mope, take action!") instead of reflecting their understanding and acceptance of our pain.

Again, although their intentions might be good, such responses can feel more emotionally dismissive than they do helpful or cathartic. If these loved ones first provided emotional validation and then offered such advice, we might be far more receptive to their suggestions but this is rarely the case.

So how does one offer authentic emotional validation bank account in HK?

The Recipe for Authentic Emotional Validation

Here are the steps for offering authentic emotional validation. But take note: You must do all 5 steps and do them correctly to achieve the desired impact.

1. Let the person complete their narrative so you have all the facts.

2. Convey you get what happened to them from their perspective (whether you agree with that perspective or not and even if their perspective is obviously skewed) self storage unit.

3. Convey you understand how they felt as a result of what happened (from their perspective)Office Furniture.

4. Convey that their feelings are completely reasonable (which they are given their perspective).

5. Convey empathy or sympathy (not pity!) for their emotional reactions.

Lastly, if your loved ones are not good at emotional validation when you vent to them about your own emotionally painful experiences, email them this article-it will be worth it hk cloud computing雪肌蘭!

Pleasure is the number one benefit that one gets from swimming.

Playing with water makes you feel young, and it washes away all the negative feelings that you have.

It automatically cools down your mind, and all other parts of your body.

In fact, even if you have not yet thrown yourself to the pool or to the water, you’ll already feel the different kind of excitement and happiness that affects your mood.

In return, you also reciprocate that positive emotion to the people around you.

This is a proactive way of releasing your anger, problems, and fears Jetmax.

There is something in water that drowns away all your troubles, even the greatest anxieties in your life ip networking Hong Kong.

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